Different Elements in the Ghost Dog Essay Example For Students

Different Elements in the Ghost Dog Essay Ghost Dog â€Å"It is bad when one thing becomes two. One should not look for anything else in the Way of the Samurai. It is the same for anything that is called a Way. If one understands things in this manner, he should be able to hear about all ways and be more and more in accord with his own. † Thus is the struggle of Ghost Dog, an African American trying to live by the Bushido code of the Samurai, as dictacted by the book the Hagakure: Way of the Samurai, while living in a world dominated by the declining respectability of the Italian-American Mafia, the Cosa Nostra. Throughout this film, certain themes including foreshadowing, death, loyalty, and knowledge are maintained and shown in various ways and through various elements, such as cartoons, music, books and animal symbology. Foreshadowing in this movie is in abundance. Much of the plot is developed, not through dialogue between characters, but in things outside the characters, such as the Hagakure and the cartoons that the characters are watching throughout the film. Scenes from the Hagakure both foreshadow events, and make more prominent the things that go against it. For example, there is a quote form the Hagakure â€Å"According to what one of the elders said, taking an enemy on the battlefield is like a hawk taking a bird. Even though it enters into the midst of a thousand of them, it gives no attention to any bird other than the one that it has first marked. † So you expect, when the gangsters find themselves on the roof with the older black man, that they would cut him slack, like they did with the Indian guy. So it comes as a surprise when they shoot him, and it also brings the audiences attention back. In other cases, the Hagakure is used to show what is being done. â€Å"In the words of the ancients, one should make his decisions in the space of seven breaths. It is a matter of being determined and having the spirit to break right through to the other side. † This is being read as Ghost Dog makes the decision to go after the Mafia. The cartoons used in this movie are extensive, and all of them are foreshadowing or paralleling the plot. Handsome Frank is watching Betty Boop play with pigeons, and Ghost Dog is seen later in the film playing with the pigeons in a similar manner. The Mob Boss, Vargo, is seen watching a Felix the Cat cartoon, which eerily echoes the mafias chase of Ghost Dog. They also, were watching the cartoon of Woody and the Grim Reaper, which not only is the foreshadowing of Ghost Dogs death, but also one of the many portents of death in this film. The use of cartoons are a smart Death plays a significant role in this film. Ghost Dog is a button-man, or assassin, for the Mafia. His death is planned when an assassination goes slightly wrong. We are focused on death from the beginning of the entire movie by a quote from the Hagakure. The Way of the Samurai is found in death. Meditation on inevitable death should be performed daily. Everyday, when ones body and mind are at peace, one should meditate on being ripped apart by arrows, rifles, spears, and swords. Being carried away by surging waves, being thrown into the midst of a great fire, being struck by lightning. Being shaken to death by a great earthquake, falling from thousand foot clif fs, dying of disease, or committing seppuku at the death of ones master. And everyday without fail, one should consider himself as dead. This is the substance of The Way of the Samurai. The last line of this passage tells you exactly what this movie is to be about. We are shown many instances of death and we are also shown more foreshadowing of Ghost Dogs death. One such instance is where Raymond describes Ghost Dog as a bear. â€Å"The bear is a solitary animal, adaptable to all sorts of climates, environments and food the bear is a formidable adversary with no predatory instincts at all. But when surprised or wounded, a bear may attack and becomes very dangerous. † In a later scene, Ghost Dog comes across the hunters who have killed the bear. .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .postImageUrl , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:hover , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:visited , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:active { border:0!important; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:active , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rape Overview EssayGhost Dog says that in ancient times, bears were considered equal to men. Then the hunter says that this isn’t ancient times. A quote from the Hagakure says â€Å"It is said that what is called the spirit of an age is something to which no one can return. That this spirit gradually dissipates is due to the worlds coming to an end † Another type of death, not necessarily physical, is the death of the Mafia’s respect in and around the town. Seen in the very beginning with the soldier’s disrespect of the Boss by sleeping with the boss’s daughter, and throughout the movie with scenes such as the child throwing toys at the Mafia men and with Nobody, the Indian on the rooftop with pigeons, calling them â€Å"Stupid Fucking White Man. †, this kind of death led to more actual death in the Mafia’s struggle to retain their power and respect among the people. Another symbol foretelling death is the dog that keeps showing up and staring down Ghost Dog. Dogs are symbolic protectors and liasons between our world and the other world according to many cultures mythology, but dogs are most prized and recognized for their loyalty. Loyalty is another prominent theme in Ghost Dog, both in its true form and in the mutated obscure form shown by the mafia. Ghost Dog shows loyalty to his â€Å"master† by carrying out jobs for him and, in the end, giving his life for his master while not blaming Louie for having to kill him. â€Å"Loyalty† is shown when Vargo orders the hit on Ghost Dog for the death of Handsome Frank, even if it is in a twisted sense, since Vargo ordered the hit of Handsome Frank in the first place. The mafia has a code of loyalty, family before all, and those who betray that loyalty are â€Å"whacked†. Their loyalty is so important, men who hope to be â€Å"made† have to take a sacred oath, the omerta. This loyalty of family is shown when Louie is upset with Ghost Dog for stopping Louie’s assassination, even though Louie didn’t want to really die, honor dictated that the orders of the Boss be carried through. There is also the loyalty of the pigeons to Ghost Dog himself, and his loyalty to them when he decides to kill those involved in their death. Another recurring element in the film Ghost Dog is the selecting and use of musical accompaniment within the scenes. We see the use the rap and hip hop culture in many situations throughout the film, plus the addition of traditional eastern influences. We can infer Ghost Dog’s cultural backgrounds, both biological and chosen, by the unique mix of music used as his theme, which incorporated both sounds of the East and West. Ghost Dog carries around a CD with a select number of songs on it so when he goes on jobs for the mafia that involve stealing cars for them and drives them around town to the location for the mafia to pick up. He plays these songs in the car while driving around town and the use of camera angles ties the impact of the scene for the viewer. Since sound has been incorporated into movies it has changed the way one views the cinematic experiences all together. The continuation of knowledge is a big part of this film. From Ghost Dog continuing the Way of the Samurai, to passing the book along to Pearline. From the passing along of the Mafia tradition to the daughter, and from the passing along of the Rashomon book from Louise to Ghost Dog to Louie. The Hagakure is a major part of the film in a very obvious manner, as is the mafia tradition and hierarchy. The most subtle of these is the book Rashomon and Other Stories. .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .postImageUrl , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:hover , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:visited , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:active { border:0!important; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:active , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Internet Privacy EssayThe story Rashomon is actually a story of one samurai’s dilemma in whether he should steal from the dead, becoming unhonorable or starve to death and retain his honor. He encounters a woman who is stealing hair and actually ends up stealing from the woman. The first story of the book, In The Grove, was specifically mentioned by Pearline and Ghost Dog as their favorite story. It’s a story of a crime told from different perspectives†¦ similar to Louie and Ghost Dog’s varying interpretations of what happened eight years ago that led Ghost Dog to becoming Louie’s retainer. Yam Gruel is another story in the book about a low ranked samurai who longs for something unattainable, much like Louie longs to be in charge. The fourth story, The Martyr, was about an orphan who becomes an assassin and kills people he has no feelings for for someone he has no particular love for. The Dragon is a story about a priest playing a joke on other priests, but it has an underlying theme of belief without question and the absurdity of such a notion. These themes are all in something considered insignificant as a book passed along from character to character, but they all played an important part in the storyline. Many themes run throughout this film. The theme of cultures clashing, both within Ghost Dog himself, with Ghost Dog and the Mafia and the tradition of the mafia clashing with the reality. The theme of death, both in a physical and conceptual way, is predominant. The theme of foreshadowing and the use of every element in the film to make the film worthwhile, rather than an elaborate complicated plot, are artistically accomplished. The theme of loyalty among Ghost Dog’s chosen culture of the samurai, among the mafia family and to a best friend whose language you can’t understand, show the various concepts of the idea of loyalty. The theme of knowledge and its passage along form one generation to the next, one culture to the next, is prevalent through the use of the books.. All these are represented by different elements in the film, such as repetitive use of cartoons, books, pigeons, the Hagakure, and animals.

Analyzing the Health Star Rating System

Question: Describe about the Analyzing the Health Star Rating System. Answer: Introduction The labeling of foods is the chief source of educating the public on consumable goods during sales as it shows the image and characteristics of the product (Watson, Kelly, Hector, Hughes, King, Crawford, Chapman, 2014). Therefore providing information on nutrition acts as an empowerment tool to help consumers arrive at important decisions to improve the problems that affect their health and lifestyle. The aforementioned issues led to the formation of a health star rating system (HSR) in Australia to enhance the comparison of nutrition values and individual food products (Hieke Taylor, 2012). This system operates on a voluntary dimension and s industry oriented, dependable on the awareness of production firms, attitude, benefits, risks, and opportunities an organization may accrue in the long run. The health star rating system functions by offering a grading scale from half a star to 5 stars and provides a fast, cheap and standard way in which to compare packed food that is similar. The more the stars a product has, the healthier and safer a choice it was, hence giving consumers informed choices on food, and that improve the nutritional value (Miller Cassady, 2012). The system contains news on energy icons, saturated and unsaturated fats, sugar and salt and the importance of fiber. The functions of the health star system are to formulate additional foods for children, sports and for purposes of medicine (Vandevijvere Swinburn, 2015). It is majorly designed for use in packed foods excluding the likes of kava and alcohol. Additionally, drinks such as tea and coffee do not have a system for health star rising and works best in alternative similar foods (Gunja Brown, 2012). Analysis of the Health Star Rating System The Health Star Rating system is a component of three parts namely declaration of energy, nutrients, and grading. Therefore assessment seeks to identify the loopholes, advantages, disadvantages and possible solutions of the applicability of this system to the citizens of Australia. Furthermore, it highlights the laws and provisions that regulate and safeguard its implementation, and it mainly has impacts on the industries, consumers, and the government. In understanding the effects of this scheme, it is important to know the key elements of the health star rating system which are: Rating which involve the appraisal of food products and nutrients. Rating is usually done from a grade of one and a half to 5. Declaration of energy for average food products. The levels of saturated and unsaturated fats are analyzed and regulated through proper grading of energy levels needed in the declaration of energy. Statement of the contents in nutrients such as sugars and fats. These include the quotations of the percentages of sugar and fat levels in the standardized meals. Australian Health Laws Providing For the Health Star Rating System The following acts provide for the rating of healthy food in accordance with the prescribed nutritional standards in Australia. In addition to the food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), the following acts also incorporate the rating of food to guarantee proper health conditions amongst individuals. The Legislative and Governance Forum on Food Regulation which proposed a Front-of-Pack Labelling (FoPL). Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Australian Dietary Guidelines Forum on Food Regulation Australian Beverages Council Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance Australian Food and Grocery Council Australian Industry Group Australian Medical Association Australian National Retail Association Obesity Policy Coalition Public Health Association of Australia Positive Implications of the Health Star Rating System Since its implementation, the health star rating system has witnessed many positive performances, medically, socially and to consumers (Hersey, Wohlgenant, Arsenault, Kosa, Muth, 2013). Facilitated the Identification and reduction of chronic diseases Chronic diseases are those which last for a long time, three months or more, and cannot be prevented by vaccines. Chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity and diabetes have been reduced and to a larger extent prevented through the labeling of products to provide consumers with easy, healthier and safe eating habits (Lorig, Ritter, Plant, Laurent, Kelly, Rowe, 2013). Therefore a nutritional label only has positive effects on health and diet provided consumers utilize them effectively in food decision making as per the obesity policy coalition and the Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance. Enhancing identification of healthier products by consumers A good health rating system, according to Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, is used in the identification of healthy products that are consumable by buyers and the general public. According to an observation from a worker in a food industry in Australia, buyers usually prefer messages that are easy to understand to relying on complex information from the panel of nutrition (Chen, Ou, Hollis, 2013). The program is cost effective The cost of the scheme does not affect the consumers but directly translates to the industry and government which increases its reliability reliable (Andrews, Levy, Lo, 2014). Furthermore, indirect costs have been identified and separately handled on a different dimension as a means of executing the health star rating of products. With a view to costs on the execution of the products, they are directly incurred and include the costs of changing label product, design, package, and labor. Led to improved behaviors by industries Australian Industry Group has improved the behavioral approaches by industries in the manner of looking into the costs of labeling, which are pushed by numerous factors. These factors include labels in terms of quantities, costs of labor and process management and the timeframe available in effecting the changes (Hawley, Roberto, Bragg, Liu, Schwartz, Brownell, 2013). This way the system becomes useful to the operations of the industries as it reduces the costs of production. Promotion of an official health marketing process Through the Forum on Food Regulation, healthy marketing processes are identified and noticed According to businesses already involved in the marketing of their health products, the health star rating has assured them of their health status. This is because they frequently assume that all products have high grading and that consumers are made aware of the mandates of the government to this system. Enhancement of good perceptions by consumers This positivity was in light of the opinion of food health businesses that claimed the existence of customer bases supports the voluntary and early acceptance of the health star ratings (Newman, Howlett, Burton, 2014). Moreover, this early adoption elevates the value and name of brands of these businesses. Increased the possibility of opening up new markets Contradicting the opinions of consumers interviewed on the nature of the health rating systems of complexity in information, conclusions have been drawn that HSR system facilitates customers decisions. This provides a chance specifically to those customers who are not familiar with the information provided by the nutrition panels, resulting in an increase in higher star products marketable as alternatives that are healthier (McLean, Hoek, Hedderley, 2012). Creates an opportunity for products reformulation An interview with three workers in the health food sector pointed out on the fact that the HSR system could serve them better in reformulating their baked goods so as to improve their star ratings. In improving their ratings, they lower the levels of sugar and fats contents to improve health status (Andrews, Lin, Levy, Lo, 2014). Negative Implications of the Health Star Rating System This section analyses the negative influence health rating system has had on the public, industries, and consumers, and seeks to propose possible solutions to remedy the situation. The negative impact on small businesses Small business lacks information on the HSR system which explains the phenomenon of low voluntary adoption. The system has to provide information to customers and owners of businesses to avoid misinterpretation and misunderstanding regarding their role in ensuring good health practices. Additionally, these businesses lack the technical know-how on evaluating their ratings hence the need for proper communication and liaise with the food innovation Australia limited. HSR system adoption cost is high for small businesses, as a result, reduces affordability, limiting their scope of operations and market servable within a specific time. The negative impact on industries The adoption and usability in the running of industries such as processing and manufacturing industries have witnessed a lot of change over time due to the problems it faces. Additional costs manifest themselves in restocking, rush orders that lead to price premiums and discarded materials for labeling (Grunert, Bolton, Raats, 2012). Associated risks and costs of HSR systems The risks of the HSR system is usually high in the execution stage unlike during its formation where investments for rating calculations and changing labels are made (Gunja Brown, 2012). These risks include affecting the value of the brand of a company and loss of markets, leading to non-adoption of the system in the long run. Negative implications on the consumers The probability of consumers ignoring this system is high because their choices will be based on price and taste rather than health effects. Additionally, there will occur a decline in demand for products sold as some businesses do not believe in the role of HSR in dictating preferences of the consumers (Morley, Scully, Martin, Niven, Dixon Wakefield, 2013). Reduced value of the brand Small businesses highlighted the importance of their branding of products as it gives them a competitive edge over other businesses in the market. Subsequent application of HSR system reduces the worth of their product lowering the usability. Prone to human error Due to the confusing nature of calculation of HSR rating standards, small businesses have raised concerns that errors can be made when evaluating their products, resulting in misinterpretation of the nutrition levels of their goods. Systems are often prone to change and as a result, this HSR is no exception in the contemporary setting as humans can easily alter its operation ability. The reduction of the life of a product For organizations dealing with delicate products in the market, there are high risks of losing value and life of products, herby impacting negatively on the lasting ability and product quality (Devi, Eyles, Rayner, Mhurchu, Swinburn, Lonsdale-Cooper, Vandevijvere, 2014). Lack of a consistent system for application Participants in the HSR system observed there lacked a consistent and standard applicable system in arriving at an agreement. Furthermore, a worker in NGO witnessed the difficulty in balancing between understanding and the complex nature of the food (Hughes, Wellard, Lin, Suen, Chapman, 2013).there should be a consistent, persistent and harmonized structure all across Australia to be applied in the rating of foods and drinks. Little evidence available There is little facts showing the effects of labeling in eating habits as founded by participants in the organization.to show the impact of labeling systems on overall eating patterns was noted by two NGO participants. This presents a challenge and frustrates the evaluation of the effects of health rating system on people since its implementation and as a result, statistics cannot be gathered to improve performance. The problem of categorization of food This problem was stated by a food industry, claiming it was hard to determine the least standards needed for quality food, and that brands are large and jumping between them is an uphill task (Newman, Howlett, Burton, 2014). It is difficult to categorize food basing on the percentages and grading scales prescribed by the health rating system since people's choices on food is influenced by a majority of factors such as financial capabilities and taste. The clash in values and cultures It was noted that however much the objectives of an organization solely lies in the making of profits, an employee has to improve their living standards.as a result, this clashes with HSR goal of improving the nutrition of individuals as the industry seeks to be responsible socially while realizing profits. Occasionally the choices of meals by people is influenced by their cultural practices and what their traditions demand, as some food are considered capable of translating to better health conditions by mere consumption. Recommendations to the challenges The following measures are applicable in helping to solve these challenges (Graham, Orquin, Visschers, 2012). Consultations with numerous stakeholders, specifically food industries Identification and agreement of criteria and objectives of nutrition labeling Consideration of the risks and costs of the industry, and that a newly proposed system enhances value and increases the health capacity of foods. Educating the public about the health star rating system, and that having a useful project is indispensable to the community in general. Conclusion In conclusion, the health star rating system should be a voluntary process to all industries, consumers and organizations. This is because of the nature of its positive and negative impacts on the industries to help in remedying the situation. Furthermore, there is a need for education and the sensitization of the public on the needed nutrition labels in both rural and urban settings as a means of evaluating the effectivity of HRS system as explained above. Therefore it is rightful to say that majority of Australians lack awareness on the health star rating system. Additionally, a high number of people appreciate the concept of stars in the scheme, which dictates that the more the stars the healthier and better a product is for consumption and the fewer the star the less safe it is. Indeed people who have purchased and utilized products which are regulated by HSR have confirmed its benefits. Amongst the many benefits therein, instilling a positive consumer behavior, improvement of choices and strengthening beliefs of people are the main standouts. Furthermore, there are new fields of research in relation to men feeding habits and awareness of the HSR and the communicating techniques, research indicated that comparisons from different categories is not admissible and should not be continued with. References Andrews, J. C., Lin, C. T. J., Levy, A. S., Lo, S. (2014). Consumer research needs from the food and drug administration on front-of-package nutritional labeling. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 33(1), 10-16. Chen, J., Ou, L., Hollis, S. J. (2013). A systematic review of the impact of routine collection of patient reported outcome measures on patients, providers and health organizations in an oncologic setting. BMC health services research, 13(1), 1. Devi, A., Eyles, H., Rayner, M., Mhurchu, C. N., Swinburn, B., Lonsdale-Cooper, E., Vandevijvere, S. (2014). Nutritional quality, labelling and promotion of breakfast cereals on the New Zealand market. Appetite, 81, 253-260. Graham, D. J., Orquin, J. L., Visschers, V. H. (2012). Eye tracking and nutrition label use: A review of the literature and recommendations for label enhancement. Food Policy, 37(4), 378-382. Grunert, K. G., Bolton, L. E., Raats, M. M. (2012). Processing and acting on nutrition labeling on food. Transformative consumer research for personal and collective well-being, 26, 333. Gunja, N., Brown, J. A. (2012). Energy drinks: health risks and toxicity. Med J Aust, 196(1), 46-49. Hawley, K. L., Roberto, C. A., Bragg, M. A., Liu, P. J., Schwartz, M. B., Brownell, K. D. (2013). The science on front-of-package food labels. Public health nutrition, 16(03), 430-439. Hersey, J. C., Wohlgenant, K. C., Arsenault, J. E., Kosa, K. M., Muth, M. K. (2013). Effects of front-of-package and shelf nutrition labeling systems on consumers. Nutrition reviews, 71(1), 1-14. Hieke, S., Taylor, C. R. (2012). A critical review of the literature on nutritional labeling. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(1), 120-156. Hughes, C., Wellard, L., Lin, J., Suen, K. L., Chapman, K. (2013). Regulating health claims on food labels using nutrient profiling: what will the proposed standard mean in the Australian supermarket? Public health nutrition, 16(12), 2154-2161. Lorig, K., Ritter, P. L., Plant, K., Laurent, D. 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Shopper response to front-of-package nutrition labeling programs: potential consumer and retail store benefits. Journal of Retailing, 90(1), 13-26. Ng, S. W., Popkin, B. M. (2012). Monitoring foods and nutrients sold and consumed in the United States: dynamics and challenges. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(1), 41. Sisson, S. B., Campbell, J. E., May, K. B., Brittain, D. R., Monroe, L. A., Guss, S. H., Ladner, J. L. (2012). Assessment of food, nutrition, and physical activity practices in Oklahoma child-care centers. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(8), 1230-1240. Swinburn, B., Wood, A. (2013). Progress on obesity prevention over 20 years in Australia and New Zealand. Obesity Reviews, 14(S2), 60-68. Vandevijvere, S., Swinburn, B. (2015). Getting serious about protecting New Zealand children against unhealthy food marketing. NZ Med J, 128(1417), 36-40. Watson, W. L., Kelly, B., Hector, D., Hughes, C., King, L., Crawford, J. ... Chapman, K. (2014). Can front-of-pack labelling schemes guide healthier food choices? Australian shoppers responses to seven labelling formats. Appetite, 72, 90-97.

Religious Commitment Essays - Confirmation, Holy Spirit,

Religious Commitment Religion is considered a very important part of life by a large part of the world's population. Determining moral issues and influencing every day decisions, it resides in everyday life and gives people something in which to believe. Often, the aspects of religion are passed down from parent to child, and the child automatically believes that which his parents believed. I too experienced this influence, as I grew up in a family with the Roman Catholic religion. I was baptized as a baby, and as long as I can remember I attended mass every Sunday with my family no matter how much I contested going or the number of tantrums I would throw. I received my first communion and went through years of Sunday school, which I thought was torture. At an early age I knew and understood the "routine" that Catholics follow. I later realized the true seriousness which was far more than just going through the learned motions. The arguments between my parents and I had diminished as church was now becoming an enjoyable experience for me. I started looking forward to the sermons of the priest, wondering what new topic he would bring about for discussion. Soon I went through a process that is custom in Catholicism, known as confirmation. This is the transformation from a child to an adult in the eyes of the church. My older sister went through the same process before me and I never really truly understood the experience when she went though it. Along with the others I attended special classes taught by the priest. I became much more involved in what went on in the church, helping out with seasonal functions for the younger children in the parish and helping to create an active youth group at the church. When the actual confirmation occurred the different feelings inside of me were captivating. The mass itself actually helped me realize the awesome responsibilities of being a Catholic and even the benefits it had to offer. In reality I was a slightly nervous about the whole thing. The Catholic Church places very high expectations upon its young people, and I now had more responsibility in the parish. After going through the whole confirmation process I feel as if I have grown as a member of the Catholic Church, and as a person. The wisdom that I have gained from my faith is immense. Whenever I am uncertain my faith will help guide me in the right direction. I am very grateful for my parents for not giving into my whining or fits when I was younger. In the end all of the advantages of being an active Catholic are well worth it. Without my commitment to my religion I do not think I would be nearly as strong of a person as I am today. To me the Catholic Church provides direction along with a true friendship that will last a lifetime.

Foundations of Grammar in Italian

Foundations of Grammar in Italian For many Italian language speakers- even for those whom Italian is their madrelingua- the phrase parti del discorso might seem foreign. English speakers know the concept as parts of speech, but its probably a term vaguely remembered from grade school grammar. A part of speech (whether Italian or English) is a linguistic category of words generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behavior of the lexical item in question. If that definition intrigues you, then an introduction to Italian linguistics might be a jumping off point. Suffice it to say that linguists have developed a classification system that groups specific types of words according to their roles. For anyone whose primary goal is to speak like an Italian, perhaps its enough to be able to identify each of the parti del discorso to facilitate learning the language. Per tradition, grammarians recognize nine parts of speech in Italian: sostantivo, verbo, aggettivo, articolo, avverbio, preposizione, pronome, congiunzione, and interiezione. Below is a description of each category with examples. Noun / Sostantivo A (sostantivo) indicates persons, animals, things, qualities, or phenomena. Things can also be concepts, ideas, feelings, and actions. A noun can be concrete (automobile, formaggio) or abstract (libert, politica, percezione). A noun can also be common (cane, scienza, fiume, amore), proper (Regina, Napoli, Italia, Arno), or collective (famiglia, classe, grappolo). Nouns such as purosangue, copriletto, and bassopiano are called compound nouns and are formed when combining two or more words. In Italian, the gender of a noun can be male or female. Foreign nouns, when used in Italian, usually keep the same gender as the language of origin. Verb / Verbo A verb (verbo) denotes action (portare, leggere), circumstance (decomporsi, scintillare), or state of being (esistere, vivere, stare). Adjective / Aggettivo An adjective (aggettivo) describes, modifies, or qualifies a noun: la casa bianca, il ponte vecchio, la ragazza americana, il bello zio. In Italian, there are several classes of adjectives, including: demonstrative adjectives (aggettivi dimostrativi), possessive adjectives (aggettivi possessivi), (aggettivi indefiniti), numerical adjectives (aggettivi numerali), and degree of comparison adjectives (gradi dellaggettivo). Article / Articolo An article (articolo) is a word that combines with a noun to indicate the gender and number of that noun. A distinction is usually made between definite articles (articoli determinativi), indefinite articles (articoli indeterminativi), and partitive articles (articoli partitivi). Adverb / Avverbio An adverb (avverbio) is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverb types include manner (meravigliosamente, disastrosamente), time (ancora, sempre, ieri), (laggià ¹, fuori, intorno), quantity (molto, niente, parecchio), frequency (raramente, regolarmente), judgment (certamente, neanche, eventualmente), and (perchà ©?, dove?). Preposition / Preposizione A preposition (preposizione) connects nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. Examples include di, , da, , con, su, per, and tra. Pronoun / Pronome A (pronome) is a word that refers to or substitutes for a noun. There are several types of pronouns, including personal subject pronouns (pronomi personali soggetto), direct object pronouns (pronomi diretti), indirect object pronouns (pronomi indiretti), reflexive pronouns (pronomi riflessivi), possessive pronouns (pronomi possessivi), (pronomi interrogativi), demonstrative pronouns (pronomi dimostrativi), and the particle ne (particella ne). Conjunction / Congiunzione A conjunction (congiunzione) is the part of speech that joins two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together, such as: quando, sebbene, anche se, and nonostante. Italian conjunctions can be separated into two classes: coordinating conjunctions (congiunzioni coordinative) and subordinating conjunctions (congiunzioni subordinative). Interjection / Interiezione An interjection (interiezione) is an exclamation that expresses an improvisational emotional state: ah! eh! ahimà ¨! boh! coraggio! bravo! There are many types of interjections based on their form and function.

MSc International Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MSc International Marketing Management - Essay Example ise has two--and only these two--basic functions: marketing and innovation." Chadwick (1998) predicted that marketing research would evolve from the role of merely providing ‘market and opinion research’ to a more vital function of furnishing a company’s tactical data, consultation, and communication with clients. Marketing research is a superior management technique that collects and analyses customer requirements and desires within the marketplace in an effort to ascertain how to satisfy them. Higgins (2008) defines marketing research as, â€Å"all techniques used to provide information that assists the firm in all of its decision-making processes relevant to customers or clients† (Higgins 4). Marketing research is one of the main branches of marketing which the American Marketing Association (2007) describes it as, "the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large."(AMA 1). AMA characterizes marketing research as ‘the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services.’ Kumar (2000), classifies international market research as â€Å"market research conducted either sim ultaneously or sequentially to facilitate marketing decisions in more than one country† (Kumar, 2000 p2). An exceptional export market research therefore involves collecting appropriate market information that enhances the export decisions to be undertaken. This includes unearthing the economic, socio-political and cultural factors that either encourage or hinder market penetration in the foreign market. Comprehensive market research assist the corporation correctly decide on, the fragmentation, zero in or position their merchandise in a foreign market appropriately. Market research consequently embraces the creation of goals, collecting information, analyzing and disseminating the

Marketing management- next Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing management- next - Article Example It is a British retailer marketing clothing, footwear, accessories and home products. In India the growth of retail business is at its budding stage. Organized retail business has a grasp of nearly 7% in Indian Market and there is umpteen opportunity for its development. Off late big brands and fashion houses are aiming towards the Indian market. Due to the immense cross culture factor or globalization, trends from across the globe are getting accepted by far and large. Even in India, people are getting influenced by various other cultures and the Indian crowd is happily embracing it. Apparently growth of retail business in Indian market is at its best. Under such circumstances, it would be the accurate time for Next to hit the Indian market. Even though it has three branches in India, it should start eyeing other locations in India. Not many people are aware of Next plc, so Next should keep in mind of having phenomenal launch in India. Lot of retail chains are getting established in India. Indian players like Future Group, RPG Group, reliance Retail, and global players like Wal-Mart, Metro etc are having their presence in India. Still the organized retail sector in India is not very big. Hence Next can enter into Indian market and it has lot of potential to grow with its wide product range. I have considered area of study to be clothing. There is lot of competition in apparel industry because people have started becoming more brand conscious in clothing segment. Hence it is very important to position yourself well in such an industry. B - PLC Stage PLC (Product Life Cycle) is the course of product’s sales and profits over its lifetime. It involves five distinct stages. Product Development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline Clothing is a necessity for every human being. In a country like India the scope for branded product (in clothing) is very high. India is a country which is fast developing and the purchasing power of people in India is increasing. So the share of wallet for branded apparels is surely increasing. That is the reason why all big names in the clothing segment exist in India. But the entry of these companies has happened recently and they have still not captured the market. Next in India is at introduction stage. As it has entered the Indian market recently and at the moment has only three stores in India. As far as Boston’s Matrix is concerned â€Å"next† has low market share but the market they are in has high growth. So â€Å"next† is in the question mark quadrant. C - Target Market India is one of the emerging markets and it is becoming more and more important buyer in our global economy. India has a nice percentage of world total population so if not right now, in few years, India will be one of the most important buyers in the world (sayeconomy.com). Hence it is very important to choose the right segment in Indian market to succeed. â€Å"Next† has three stores in India (Two store s at Delhi/Gurgaon and one store at Mumbai). This clearly shows that the segment they have targeted is the urban/metro segment. The purchasing power of people in these area is comparatively more than those who stay in small cities and villages. â€Å"Next† has also targeted the middle class and upper middle class. When you sell products which are luxurious item and not necessarily necessities, then an organization usually target middle class and

The Case for Animal Rights by Tom Reagan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Case for Animal Rights by Tom Reagan - Essay Example Animal rights violators have argued that not all living things have equal rights and that humans are superior to the others. They state that human beings have the rights while the other living things, especially animals, have rights only in the right view of the human being responsible. Reagan accounts for the need to have animal rights on the following arguments and sets of theories. First, the violators base their argument on the contractions theory, where the human beings are said to have signed a voluntary contract to ensure rights on themselves and close persons. The rights also cover what the human beings have sentimental value, and what interests them in the society only. Reagan argues that this does not adequately cover the rights of animals in the society from the actions of human beings. He states that in case the animal in question does not have any relevance or value to the human being, then he/she is not morally obligated to uphold or enforce the rights of the animal (Re agan, 1989). The second argument is considered as the cruelty-kindness theory that states that every human being has the duty to be kind to all the animals in the world, whether they have sentimental value or not; we also have an indirect duty not to be cruel to the animals in the world whatsoever. ...The same theory also argues for the statement ‘the end justifies the means’; moreover, Reagan uses the rights view to contradict these statements by egalitarians, by stating that the end does not justify the means, in the upholding animal rights. Reagan’s criticism is valid in light of clearly rational arguments and analysis on some other theories on animal rights. He seeks to bring balance between the animal’s rights and human rights in the world. The sense of belief that animals have no feelings and humans have no moral obligations towards them is clearly misplaced. There needs to be a balance between actions to animals and the results, in that animals are living things too and have emotions and rights that we need to uphold in society, if we are to be rational.