Monday, May 18, 2020

Capitalism And The Great Depression - 1725 Words

In 2008, following the housing bubble crash, mortgages foreclosed across the country and the New York Stock Exchange saw catastrophic losses; several economists began to question the strength of an unregulated capitalist system. The debate sparked the question: Is crisis an inevitable aspect of capitalism? With nearly 80 years past since the beginning of the Great Depression, memories of high unemployment rates and sluggish economic growth during the Depression-era had mostly been erased by a long period of relative prosperity. The recession of the late 2000s served as a reminder of the danger that capitalism can pose to society. The Marxian critique of capitalism provides a framework for analyzing the pitfalls and conditions of existence of capitalism that led to the Great Depression of the 20th century and the recession of the 21st century. Additionally, discussion of Marx’s crisis theories has been reinvigorated by the increasing amount of income inequality in the USA, whic h many people blame on the greed inherent in a profit-driven capitalist society. When evaluating the dilemmas surrounding capitalism, it is essential to draw comparisons between the Great Depression and the recession of 2008. The similarities between these economic crises demonstrate the tendency of the capitalist system to send us down a similar path towards economic turmoil and declines in overall living standards. The relevance of Marxian theory is amplified by the similarities between the economicShow MoreRelatedCapitalism : The Great Depression848 Words   |  4 PagesCapitalism is when the rich gets richer and the poor gets poorer. Capitalism has mercy on no one. Each individual lives in a society where the mass crowd complain about how the big business are buying the smaller ones but just doesn’t grasp the idea that all this is happening because of the consumers themselves. Within a system just as there is pros there are also cons, cons that are costly in the end. One of the biggest cons that capitalism promote is wealth inequality. Wealth can be inherited,Read MoreCapitalism and the Great Depression Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesSome people take capitalism for granted and don’t even know what it is exactly. Capitalism is an economic system in which industry is privately owned; where the private owner has a surplus of goods that they sell to a third party, thus cre ating a market. This system has unerringly been around for centuries, and is used by multiple countries throughout the world, including the United States. It has proven to be a quiet successful system, where the people have control over their own market and reapRead MoreThe Time Succeeding Herbert Hoover s Presidency750 Words   |  3 PagesEvelyn Serrano Mrs. Mohan IB History of the Americas Period 10 13 December 2014 Essay Topic 2 Question A The time succeeding Herbert Hoover’s presidency became a period of reconstruction. The Great Depression caused thorough damage through the entire nation. Citizen’s trust stood nonexistent and their motives were vacant. Franklin Roosevelt came into office with upfront critical responsibilities. In order to save what was left of the United States, Roosevelt had to approach the detrimental economyRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Roaring Twenties1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"roaring twenties† was a time of prosperity and happiness across the country of America. The economy boomed and there was a general air of excitement throughout society. However, the stock market crash in 1929 brought about the Great Depression, which ended this era. Franklin Delano Roosevelt felt compelled to do something to bring America back to its former prosperous self. Roosevelt created the New Deal, a series of government programs and laws intended to fix the economic issues plaguing Amer icaRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The Roaring Twenties1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1929 crash of stock market was the beginning of a downward spiral leading in to the Great Depression. The stock market crash is often to be confused as the cause of the Great Depression, although that is false. A few of the issues that lead to the Great Depression included; farming (which decreased in demand as farms increased through the states during World War I), banking, and mass unemployment. Capitalism took shape as what was once the individualistic Protestant work ethic was reshaped intoRead MoreMarxs Theory on the Fall of Capitalism1479 Words   |  6 PagesWhy did Karl Marx believe that capitalism would eventually collapse and be replaced by communism? To what extent were his predictions confirmed by the history of the twentieth century? Karl Marx is regarded by many as the first social scientist ever. Although it is argued that Adam Smith was the first great economist, and David Ricardo the first great modern economist, Marx is undoubtedly the economist that has had the biggest impact on economic history. It was he that masterminded the conceptRead MoreThe Cold War And The International Political Economy1076 Words   |  5 Pagesaddition to describing the attitudes and the policies of the United States, the article demonstrates the effects of the Great Depression. The effects of the Great Depression were so widespread that the economies of the entire world were affected. The Great Depression then led into Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal, as well as the limits and ramifications of welfare. Even though the Depression was a global phenomenon, free trade and free markets were concepts that managed to survive. However, â€Å"at the scaleRead MoreThe Classical Model Of Economics1431 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter pro fit. The reasons behind their actions are selfish, yet they benefit all of society. Smith identified that the pursuit of profit and the power of self-interest would increase motivation and result in more advances in technology. His model of capitalism was on the basis of freedom and selfishness as a motivator for society. It was also on the basis that the economy would go through recessions and expansions but fix itself. Recessions are periods in the economy in which unemployment goes up, whileRead More The History of Capitalism Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Capitalism Capitalism is based on the same principles as mercantilism. The accumulation of means, materials, land and other things, this accumulation is called capital and â€Å"the property-owners of these means of production are called capitalists† (Hooker 2). Productive labor, human work that is necessary to make goods and distribute them, takes the form of wage labor. â€Å"The means of production and labor is manipulated by the capitalist using rational calculation in order to realizeRead MoreGreat Depression Essays1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression is probably one of the most misunderstood events in American history. It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other interventions can save capitalism from itself. The Great Depression had important consequences and was a devastating event in America, however many good policies and programs became available as a result of the great depression, some

What Does a Tarantula Eat Daily

Tarantulas are highly skilled spiders capable of conquering just about any organism, even those larger than themselves. Their clever hunting tactics make them formidable apex predators and allow the animal to thrive in many environments. They are generalist hunters and opportunists that will always be able to find something to eat and few will be able to stand in their path. Tarantula Diet Tarantulas are carnivores, meaning that they feed on meat. They eat many kinds of large insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, June beetles, cicadas, millipedes, caterpillars, and other spiders. Larger tarantulas will also eat frogs, toads, fish, lizards, bats, and even small rodents and snakes. The Goliath birdeater is a South American species whose diet is known to consist partially of small birds. Ingestion and Digestion of Prey Like other spiders, tarantulas cannot eat their prey in solid form and can only ingest liquids. Because of this, when a tarantula captures a live meal, it bites the prey with sharp fangs, or chelicerae, that inject it with paralyzing venom. The fangs can also help to crush the prey. Once the prey is immobilized, the tarantula secretes digestive enzymes that liquefy its body. The spider then sucks up its meal using straw-like mouthparts under its fangs. A tarantula has a sucking stomach that enables the ingestion and digestion of liquids.  When the sucking stomachs powerful muscles contract, the stomach inflates, creating a strong suction that permits the tarantula to drain its liquefied prey up through the mouth and into the intestines. Once the liquefied food enters the intestines, it is broken down into particles small enough to pass into the bloodstream through the intestinal walls. The nutrients are spread and absorbed throughout the body in this way. After feeding, the carcass of the prey is formed into a small ball and disposed of by the tarantula. Where Tarantulas Hunt Tarantulas hunt close to where they live, which is why they can be found preying on organisms in a wide range of habitats. Some  genera  of tarantulas hunt prey primarily in trees, while others hunt on or near the ground. They may choose where to seek food based on what is available nearby or what type of prey they are after. Silk is very useful in hunting prey for many species of tarantulas. While all tarantulas can produce  silk, it can be used in a variety of ways. Tree-dwelling species typically reside in a silken tube tent where they can watch for prey and eat their meals. Terrestrial species line their burrows with silk that stabilizes the burrow walls and enables them to climb up and down when it is time to hunt or mate. Unlike other spiders, tarantulas do not use their silk to trap or web prey. Predators of Tarantulas Though fearsome predators themselves, tarantulas are prey to many creatures. A certain type of insect, one that is much different from the small and defenseless prey a tarantula is accustomed to, is the most specialized predator to feed on tarantulas. Tarantula hawks are aptly named members of the wasp family. These large and ruthless wasps track and attack large tarantulas with a sting that paralyzes them, but the catch is not for themselves. They carry their live prey to secluded nests where they lay an egg on the tarantulas back. When the egg hatches, the newborn wasp larva burrows into the tarantulas incapacitated body and feeds on its insides. The tarantula is eaten from the inside out and kept alive for as long as possible until the larva pupates and consumes it entirely. Giant centipedes and humans also prey on tarantulas. Tarantulas are considered a delicacy by certain cultures in Venezuela and Cambodia and can be enjoyed after roasting them over an open fire to remove the hairs that irritate human skin.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Analysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1409 Words

The analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing this poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of selective-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is about non-conformity and individualism, however, that is not the case. Robert Frost’s poem is meant to be analyzed line by line for a complete interpretation. Readers can conclude that the poem represents making choices in life, but that is not the†¦show more content†¦Metaphors in this poem allow for the reader to recognize that decisions are linked to the overall theme. Not only are metaphors utilized throughout the poem, but a literary device known as Imagery is as well. Imagery is alternative as important a device for it allows for the reader to have a clear picture of what the character in the poem is visualizing. Furthermore, it also helps covey the theme the author is aiming to represent to the reader. Imagery is made known in stanza two line three, which states, â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear† (Myer, 1091). Here the author is using imagery to inform the readers the traveler is coming up with a reason for why one path could be more favorable over the other. The reader analyzes this line of imagery to obtain a clearer representation of the traveler’s decision-making process. Another line where the author uses imagery is in stanza two line five, which states, â€Å"Had worn them really about the same† (Myer, 1091). Here the author is using imagery to inform the reader that the paths are â€Å"worn† down, which informs the reader that both of his choices have been equally chosen by people before him. These examples help the reader begin to form the theme of self-justification in decision-making. After analyzing the metaphors and the imagery Frost uses in this poem, the reader can conclude so far that the theme the poet is conveyingShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Analysis1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, is a poem that has many meanings depending on the reader. The poem was published in 1916 and it is a very interesting poem. It’s a fairly short poem consisting of only 20 lines, and it is full of metaphors and imagery and it has many ways that it can be interpreted. The poem’s use of imagery leaves the reader trying to figure out what Frost meant when he wrote the poem. Since it is a poem, it generally has no correct way to interpret it, but it usuallyRead More Analysis of The Road Not Taken by Robe rt Frost Essays860 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost ?The Road Not Taken? (1916) tells of someone faced with two of life?s decisions however only one can be chosen. Whichever road is taken will be final and will determine the direction that their life takes. Frost drives this poem by a calm and collective narrative, spoken by the traveler of the diverged roads. Who is speaking with himself trying to convince himself of which road is the better choice. Frost wrote this poem using standard, modern languageRead MoreAnalysis of The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesThesis Robert Frosts â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is more symbolic of a choice one must make in their life in attempt to foresee the outcome before reaching the end, than it is about choosing the right path in the woods. Describe the literal scene and situation. The literal scene of Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken, is described as a â€Å"yellowed wood† (Arp Johnson, 2009). Use of this description could be that fall is upon the wood or the trees perhaps once white have yellowed with age. Before theRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost: An Analysis811 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Introduction On the surface of it, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost presents a narrator who is remembering a journey through the woods, and the person making this journey came into a position where two roads were diverging. So the challenge presented in the poem is, which road should the narrator take, and why? Frost claimed that his poem was a parody of a poem by his friend, poet Edward Thomas, but others have had very different explanations for The Road NotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost803 Words   |  4 Pages Poetry And I The poem The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost relates to my personal life because both the narrator and I had to make a decision. My decision was having to chose between playing volleyball or football in fifth grade. I thought about my previous experiences in both sports. I was a decent player in volleyball and I wanted to get the â€Å"All Sports Award† that our school awards to eighth graders who participated in all of the sports that St. Dominic offers; however, St. Dominic did not offerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1244 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler discovers a fork in the road, and after thorough examination of both paths in the â€Å"yellow wood† he chooses one to proceed on (1). The speaker intended to save the other road for another day of traveling; however, he knew that his path in life would drift far away, preventing him from ever returning to the other road. When the future arriv es, the speaker plans to tell of his travels, and alter the truth by explaining that the path he chose was lessRead MoreEssay Analysis of The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost854 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Robert Frost poem ‘’The Road Not Taken’’ there is a pervasive and in many ways intrinsic sense of journey throughout. In such, the poem explores an aspect associated with human decision, or indecision, relative to the oxymoron, that choices with the least the difference should bear the most indifference, but realistically, carry the most difficulty. This is conveyed through the use of several pivotal techniques. Where the first such instance is the use of an extended metaphor, where the poemRead MoreAnalysis OfThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost1011 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, a renowned American poet, is regarded as one of the most influential and successful poets of the twentieth century. Frost’s popularity is derived most notably from the colloquial, descriptive language he uses in his poems and the impactful themes he portrays throughout them. The popularity of Frost’s poems also emerges from the interest that is sparked by his ability to â€Å"fool† the reader and hide the true meaning behind his words. One of the most acknowledged of Frost’s poems is â€Å"TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Gow Will Be The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1020 Words   |  5 Pagesand spiritual. So, the question is, does self-discovery only work within an individual or can it be influenced by others around us? Morning, teachers and fellow class mates. My prescribed related text to away by Michael gow will be the road not taken by Robert frost. Away explores the concept of self-discovery and transformation through the characters as they change. By encountering a physical journey, it provides the character with new perspective on life and an understanding attitude away fromRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helped

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression - 1353 Words

‘While we all feel sad, moody or low from time to time, some people experience these feelings intensely, for long periods of time (weeks, months or even years) and sometimes without any apparent reason. Depression is more than just a low mood, it s a serious illness that has an impact on both physical and mental health’ (beyondblue, 2014). Depression affects almost everyone once in their life-time. There is more than one type of depression: ‘major depression, chronic depression, and bipolar disorder/manic depression’ (Carson, 2014). ‘Symptoms can range from relatively minor (but still disabling) through to very severe, so it is beneficial to be aware of the different types of disorders and the symptoms that come with it’ (Beyondblue,†¦show more content†¦Many young people believe depression is caused by a single event, or happens overnight, as mentioned above it is combination of events. The common causes of depression are family history (genetics can have an affect), drug and alcohol use, personality, and death of a loved one. A worrying statistic indicates ‘over 500,000 Australians will experience depression and a substance use disorder at the same time, at some point in their lives’ (Beyondblue, 2014) and the unfortunate thing is depression is not a topic anyone wants to talk about especially men who pride themselves on ‘ toughness’. When looking at depression and associating it with the human brain it is still not fully understood how it works, or how there is a connection. ‘Evidence suggests that depression can be related to changes in the levels or activity of certain chemicals – particularly serotonin as serotonin immensely effects an individual’s moods, norepinephrine and dopamine’ (Beyondblue, 2014). To put in simpler terms ‘an article in Harvard Health Publications explains that depression is not caused simply by the level of one chemical being too low and another too high. Rather, several different chemicals that are imbalanced and it causes a fluctuation in chemicals’ (Medicalnewstoday, 2014). ‘A person may be depressed if it has been occurring for more than two week, he or she has felt sad, down or miserable most of the time or has lost interest in usual activities such asShow MoreRelatedDepression Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression739 Words   |  3 Pages Depression is something that nobody in the universe would want. Depression kills. What is depression? Depression is a mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and lost of interest. (Depression Symptoms and Warning Signs. Depression Symptoms Warning Signs: How to Recognize Depression Symptoms and Get Effective Help. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.) Some symptoms you can get while having depression includes feeling hopeless and helpless, you lose interest in friends, activities, etcRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms1545 Words   |  7 PagesDepression is a well-known disease all around the world. Everyone thinks that they know what depression is. They deduce that depression is just about being sad, that anyone with it can just be happy whenever they want, and it comes without any symptoms. That s not what depression is. It s way more complex and complicated than that. Depression is an illness that really affects the brain and the person suffering from it. What is depression? Depression is a serious mood disorder that causes a constantRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms2066 Words   |  9 PagesDepression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects every aspect of a person’s life from the way they think and behave, to how they feel. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Those with depression will have difficulty doing day to day activities and feel like their life isn’t worth living. A lot of people think it’s a weakness or something that a person can just ‘snap out of’ but it’s not that easy, and may even requireRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1500 Words   |  6 Pagestreating depression? Researchers at the Mayo Clinic define depression as â€Å"a mood disorder that causes sadness and loss of interest† and goes on to say, â€Å"it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a va riety of emotional and physical problems†(Depression). For two years, I knew that something was wrong with me, but the symptoms that I was experiencing didn t mirror anything that I equated with depression. My primary care physician was equally perplexed by my presented symptoms and I wasRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1168 Words   |  5 Pagesand keep worrying about what options are available and not doing your daily routine, you are feeling depression. You may feel that nothing can help but this is very untrue. Most people can recover from many convulsion of depression. After recovering from depression many people look back at it and use it as part of their life experience for those who may have the same symptoms on depression. Depression can make people to change their lifestyle. It’s a serious medical condition in which a person medicalRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is a behavior disorder that can affect many people in the world. This disorder does not only affect adults, but children as well. â€Å"Depression is an episode of sadness or apathy along with other symptoms that lasts two consecutive weeks† according to (http://www.webmd.com/depression/ss/slideshow-depression-overview). A person with depression is affected both physically and emotionally. People can be affected by many types of depression which affects every single person with depression differentlyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesClinical depression is a disease that affects many people, ranging from children to elderly adults. Depression is a scary word to many and conjures up ugly, stereotypical images of people being sad all the time and wanting to kill themselves. Depression is treatable, but the same method of treatment will not be effective on every patient. Many people suffering from depression question whether they are actually depressed or just hav ing a bad day. Often times, a person who believes they are sufferingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression970 Words   |  4 PagesMajor depression is occurring when you feel depressed most of the time for most of the days of the week. Some symptoms for this type of depression include weight loss or weight gain, suicidal thoughts, being tired, having no energy, feeling guilty, and feeling worthless. Talking to a therapist can help with this. The doctor will usually make you meet with a mental health specialist who will help with the depression you’re feeling. Doctors also recommend antidepressants. If those two things don’tRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1340 Words   |  6 Pagesthat can contribute to one’s depression. Such as, biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors include emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavior symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning. So, what is depression? Everybody experiences times in their life with feeling blue or sad. Depression, however is a medical condition to where the person feels a stronger sadness for a lot longer than normal. Depression can be mild, severe or chronicRead MoreDepression : Symptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1812 Words   |  8 Pages Jessica Arevalo Park University Depression The word depression comes from the Latin and means a state of affective disorders. Depression is not common as normal fluctuations in emotional life but represents a disease with a clear outline in contrast to a mental disorder. Depression is one of the mild disease and fundamentally temporary (Aguirre, 2008). The different duration and severity depend on the causes and remedy together. It can be part of a psychoneurotic disorder, psychological-physical

Different Elements in the Ghost Dog Essay Example For Students

Different Elements in the Ghost Dog Essay Ghost Dog â€Å"It is bad when one thing becomes two. One should not look for anything else in the Way of the Samurai. It is the same for anything that is called a Way. If one understands things in this manner, he should be able to hear about all ways and be more and more in accord with his own. † Thus is the struggle of Ghost Dog, an African American trying to live by the Bushido code of the Samurai, as dictacted by the book the Hagakure: Way of the Samurai, while living in a world dominated by the declining respectability of the Italian-American Mafia, the Cosa Nostra. Throughout this film, certain themes including foreshadowing, death, loyalty, and knowledge are maintained and shown in various ways and through various elements, such as cartoons, music, books and animal symbology. Foreshadowing in this movie is in abundance. Much of the plot is developed, not through dialogue between characters, but in things outside the characters, such as the Hagakure and the cartoons that the characters are watching throughout the film. Scenes from the Hagakure both foreshadow events, and make more prominent the things that go against it. For example, there is a quote form the Hagakure â€Å"According to what one of the elders said, taking an enemy on the battlefield is like a hawk taking a bird. Even though it enters into the midst of a thousand of them, it gives no attention to any bird other than the one that it has first marked. † So you expect, when the gangsters find themselves on the roof with the older black man, that they would cut him slack, like they did with the Indian guy. So it comes as a surprise when they shoot him, and it also brings the audiences attention back. In other cases, the Hagakure is used to show what is being done. â€Å"In the words of the ancients, one should make his decisions in the space of seven breaths. It is a matter of being determined and having the spirit to break right through to the other side. † This is being read as Ghost Dog makes the decision to go after the Mafia. The cartoons used in this movie are extensive, and all of them are foreshadowing or paralleling the plot. Handsome Frank is watching Betty Boop play with pigeons, and Ghost Dog is seen later in the film playing with the pigeons in a similar manner. The Mob Boss, Vargo, is seen watching a Felix the Cat cartoon, which eerily echoes the mafias chase of Ghost Dog. They also, were watching the cartoon of Woody and the Grim Reaper, which not only is the foreshadowing of Ghost Dogs death, but also one of the many portents of death in this film. The use of cartoons are a smart Death plays a significant role in this film. Ghost Dog is a button-man, or assassin, for the Mafia. His death is planned when an assassination goes slightly wrong. We are focused on death from the beginning of the entire movie by a quote from the Hagakure. The Way of the Samurai is found in death. Meditation on inevitable death should be performed daily. Everyday, when ones body and mind are at peace, one should meditate on being ripped apart by arrows, rifles, spears, and swords. Being carried away by surging waves, being thrown into the midst of a great fire, being struck by lightning. Being shaken to death by a great earthquake, falling from thousand foot clif fs, dying of disease, or committing seppuku at the death of ones master. And everyday without fail, one should consider himself as dead. This is the substance of The Way of the Samurai. The last line of this passage tells you exactly what this movie is to be about. We are shown many instances of death and we are also shown more foreshadowing of Ghost Dogs death. One such instance is where Raymond describes Ghost Dog as a bear. â€Å"The bear is a solitary animal, adaptable to all sorts of climates, environments and food the bear is a formidable adversary with no predatory instincts at all. But when surprised or wounded, a bear may attack and becomes very dangerous. † In a later scene, Ghost Dog comes across the hunters who have killed the bear. .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .postImageUrl , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:hover , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:visited , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:active { border:0!important; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:active , .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8 .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52a7dd3011dd760b731cc42f51283fd8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rape Overview EssayGhost Dog says that in ancient times, bears were considered equal to men. Then the hunter says that this isn’t ancient times. A quote from the Hagakure says â€Å"It is said that what is called the spirit of an age is something to which no one can return. That this spirit gradually dissipates is due to the worlds coming to an end † Another type of death, not necessarily physical, is the death of the Mafia’s respect in and around the town. Seen in the very beginning with the soldier’s disrespect of the Boss by sleeping with the boss’s daughter, and throughout the movie with scenes such as the child throwing toys at the Mafia men and with Nobody, the Indian on the rooftop with pigeons, calling them â€Å"Stupid Fucking White Man. †, this kind of death led to more actual death in the Mafia’s struggle to retain their power and respect among the people. Another symbol foretelling death is the dog that keeps showing up and staring down Ghost Dog. Dogs are symbolic protectors and liasons between our world and the other world according to many cultures mythology, but dogs are most prized and recognized for their loyalty. Loyalty is another prominent theme in Ghost Dog, both in its true form and in the mutated obscure form shown by the mafia. Ghost Dog shows loyalty to his â€Å"master† by carrying out jobs for him and, in the end, giving his life for his master while not blaming Louie for having to kill him. â€Å"Loyalty† is shown when Vargo orders the hit on Ghost Dog for the death of Handsome Frank, even if it is in a twisted sense, since Vargo ordered the hit of Handsome Frank in the first place. The mafia has a code of loyalty, family before all, and those who betray that loyalty are â€Å"whacked†. Their loyalty is so important, men who hope to be â€Å"made† have to take a sacred oath, the omerta. This loyalty of family is shown when Louie is upset with Ghost Dog for stopping Louie’s assassination, even though Louie didn’t want to really die, honor dictated that the orders of the Boss be carried through. There is also the loyalty of the pigeons to Ghost Dog himself, and his loyalty to them when he decides to kill those involved in their death. Another recurring element in the film Ghost Dog is the selecting and use of musical accompaniment within the scenes. We see the use the rap and hip hop culture in many situations throughout the film, plus the addition of traditional eastern influences. We can infer Ghost Dog’s cultural backgrounds, both biological and chosen, by the unique mix of music used as his theme, which incorporated both sounds of the East and West. Ghost Dog carries around a CD with a select number of songs on it so when he goes on jobs for the mafia that involve stealing cars for them and drives them around town to the location for the mafia to pick up. He plays these songs in the car while driving around town and the use of camera angles ties the impact of the scene for the viewer. Since sound has been incorporated into movies it has changed the way one views the cinematic experiences all together. The continuation of knowledge is a big part of this film. From Ghost Dog continuing the Way of the Samurai, to passing the book along to Pearline. From the passing along of the Mafia tradition to the daughter, and from the passing along of the Rashomon book from Louise to Ghost Dog to Louie. The Hagakure is a major part of the film in a very obvious manner, as is the mafia tradition and hierarchy. The most subtle of these is the book Rashomon and Other Stories. .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .postImageUrl , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:hover , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:visited , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:active { border:0!important; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:active , .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99 .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2d8a399d349aad99fcc97a2bc4b2dd99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Internet Privacy EssayThe story Rashomon is actually a story of one samurai’s dilemma in whether he should steal from the dead, becoming unhonorable or starve to death and retain his honor. He encounters a woman who is stealing hair and actually ends up stealing from the woman. The first story of the book, In The Grove, was specifically mentioned by Pearline and Ghost Dog as their favorite story. It’s a story of a crime told from different perspectives†¦ similar to Louie and Ghost Dog’s varying interpretations of what happened eight years ago that led Ghost Dog to becoming Louie’s retainer. Yam Gruel is another story in the book about a low ranked samurai who longs for something unattainable, much like Louie longs to be in charge. The fourth story, The Martyr, was about an orphan who becomes an assassin and kills people he has no feelings for for someone he has no particular love for. The Dragon is a story about a priest playing a joke on other priests, but it has an underlying theme of belief without question and the absurdity of such a notion. These themes are all in something considered insignificant as a book passed along from character to character, but they all played an important part in the storyline. Many themes run throughout this film. The theme of cultures clashing, both within Ghost Dog himself, with Ghost Dog and the Mafia and the tradition of the mafia clashing with the reality. The theme of death, both in a physical and conceptual way, is predominant. The theme of foreshadowing and the use of every element in the film to make the film worthwhile, rather than an elaborate complicated plot, are artistically accomplished. The theme of loyalty among Ghost Dog’s chosen culture of the samurai, among the mafia family and to a best friend whose language you can’t understand, show the various concepts of the idea of loyalty. The theme of knowledge and its passage along form one generation to the next, one culture to the next, is prevalent through the use of the books.. All these are represented by different elements in the film, such as repetitive use of cartoons, books, pigeons, the Hagakure, and animals.

Analyzing the Health Star Rating System

Question: Describe about the Analyzing the Health Star Rating System. Answer: Introduction The labeling of foods is the chief source of educating the public on consumable goods during sales as it shows the image and characteristics of the product (Watson, Kelly, Hector, Hughes, King, Crawford, Chapman, 2014). Therefore providing information on nutrition acts as an empowerment tool to help consumers arrive at important decisions to improve the problems that affect their health and lifestyle. The aforementioned issues led to the formation of a health star rating system (HSR) in Australia to enhance the comparison of nutrition values and individual food products (Hieke Taylor, 2012). This system operates on a voluntary dimension and s industry oriented, dependable on the awareness of production firms, attitude, benefits, risks, and opportunities an organization may accrue in the long run. The health star rating system functions by offering a grading scale from half a star to 5 stars and provides a fast, cheap and standard way in which to compare packed food that is similar. The more the stars a product has, the healthier and safer a choice it was, hence giving consumers informed choices on food, and that improve the nutritional value (Miller Cassady, 2012). The system contains news on energy icons, saturated and unsaturated fats, sugar and salt and the importance of fiber. The functions of the health star system are to formulate additional foods for children, sports and for purposes of medicine (Vandevijvere Swinburn, 2015). It is majorly designed for use in packed foods excluding the likes of kava and alcohol. Additionally, drinks such as tea and coffee do not have a system for health star rising and works best in alternative similar foods (Gunja Brown, 2012). Analysis of the Health Star Rating System The Health Star Rating system is a component of three parts namely declaration of energy, nutrients, and grading. Therefore assessment seeks to identify the loopholes, advantages, disadvantages and possible solutions of the applicability of this system to the citizens of Australia. Furthermore, it highlights the laws and provisions that regulate and safeguard its implementation, and it mainly has impacts on the industries, consumers, and the government. In understanding the effects of this scheme, it is important to know the key elements of the health star rating system which are: Rating which involve the appraisal of food products and nutrients. Rating is usually done from a grade of one and a half to 5. Declaration of energy for average food products. The levels of saturated and unsaturated fats are analyzed and regulated through proper grading of energy levels needed in the declaration of energy. Statement of the contents in nutrients such as sugars and fats. These include the quotations of the percentages of sugar and fat levels in the standardized meals. Australian Health Laws Providing For the Health Star Rating System The following acts provide for the rating of healthy food in accordance with the prescribed nutritional standards in Australia. In addition to the food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), the following acts also incorporate the rating of food to guarantee proper health conditions amongst individuals. The Legislative and Governance Forum on Food Regulation which proposed a Front-of-Pack Labelling (FoPL). Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Australian Dietary Guidelines Forum on Food Regulation Australian Beverages Council Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance Australian Food and Grocery Council Australian Industry Group Australian Medical Association Australian National Retail Association Obesity Policy Coalition Public Health Association of Australia Positive Implications of the Health Star Rating System Since its implementation, the health star rating system has witnessed many positive performances, medically, socially and to consumers (Hersey, Wohlgenant, Arsenault, Kosa, Muth, 2013). Facilitated the Identification and reduction of chronic diseases Chronic diseases are those which last for a long time, three months or more, and cannot be prevented by vaccines. Chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity and diabetes have been reduced and to a larger extent prevented through the labeling of products to provide consumers with easy, healthier and safe eating habits (Lorig, Ritter, Plant, Laurent, Kelly, Rowe, 2013). Therefore a nutritional label only has positive effects on health and diet provided consumers utilize them effectively in food decision making as per the obesity policy coalition and the Australian Chronic Disease Prevention Alliance. Enhancing identification of healthier products by consumers A good health rating system, according to Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, is used in the identification of healthy products that are consumable by buyers and the general public. According to an observation from a worker in a food industry in Australia, buyers usually prefer messages that are easy to understand to relying on complex information from the panel of nutrition (Chen, Ou, Hollis, 2013). The program is cost effective The cost of the scheme does not affect the consumers but directly translates to the industry and government which increases its reliability reliable (Andrews, Levy, Lo, 2014). Furthermore, indirect costs have been identified and separately handled on a different dimension as a means of executing the health star rating of products. With a view to costs on the execution of the products, they are directly incurred and include the costs of changing label product, design, package, and labor. Led to improved behaviors by industries Australian Industry Group has improved the behavioral approaches by industries in the manner of looking into the costs of labeling, which are pushed by numerous factors. These factors include labels in terms of quantities, costs of labor and process management and the timeframe available in effecting the changes (Hawley, Roberto, Bragg, Liu, Schwartz, Brownell, 2013). This way the system becomes useful to the operations of the industries as it reduces the costs of production. Promotion of an official health marketing process Through the Forum on Food Regulation, healthy marketing processes are identified and noticed According to businesses already involved in the marketing of their health products, the health star rating has assured them of their health status. This is because they frequently assume that all products have high grading and that consumers are made aware of the mandates of the government to this system. Enhancement of good perceptions by consumers This positivity was in light of the opinion of food health businesses that claimed the existence of customer bases supports the voluntary and early acceptance of the health star ratings (Newman, Howlett, Burton, 2014). Moreover, this early adoption elevates the value and name of brands of these businesses. Increased the possibility of opening up new markets Contradicting the opinions of consumers interviewed on the nature of the health rating systems of complexity in information, conclusions have been drawn that HSR system facilitates customers decisions. This provides a chance specifically to those customers who are not familiar with the information provided by the nutrition panels, resulting in an increase in higher star products marketable as alternatives that are healthier (McLean, Hoek, Hedderley, 2012). Creates an opportunity for products reformulation An interview with three workers in the health food sector pointed out on the fact that the HSR system could serve them better in reformulating their baked goods so as to improve their star ratings. In improving their ratings, they lower the levels of sugar and fats contents to improve health status (Andrews, Lin, Levy, Lo, 2014). Negative Implications of the Health Star Rating System This section analyses the negative influence health rating system has had on the public, industries, and consumers, and seeks to propose possible solutions to remedy the situation. The negative impact on small businesses Small business lacks information on the HSR system which explains the phenomenon of low voluntary adoption. The system has to provide information to customers and owners of businesses to avoid misinterpretation and misunderstanding regarding their role in ensuring good health practices. Additionally, these businesses lack the technical know-how on evaluating their ratings hence the need for proper communication and liaise with the food innovation Australia limited. HSR system adoption cost is high for small businesses, as a result, reduces affordability, limiting their scope of operations and market servable within a specific time. The negative impact on industries The adoption and usability in the running of industries such as processing and manufacturing industries have witnessed a lot of change over time due to the problems it faces. Additional costs manifest themselves in restocking, rush orders that lead to price premiums and discarded materials for labeling (Grunert, Bolton, Raats, 2012). Associated risks and costs of HSR systems The risks of the HSR system is usually high in the execution stage unlike during its formation where investments for rating calculations and changing labels are made (Gunja Brown, 2012). These risks include affecting the value of the brand of a company and loss of markets, leading to non-adoption of the system in the long run. Negative implications on the consumers The probability of consumers ignoring this system is high because their choices will be based on price and taste rather than health effects. Additionally, there will occur a decline in demand for products sold as some businesses do not believe in the role of HSR in dictating preferences of the consumers (Morley, Scully, Martin, Niven, Dixon Wakefield, 2013). Reduced value of the brand Small businesses highlighted the importance of their branding of products as it gives them a competitive edge over other businesses in the market. Subsequent application of HSR system reduces the worth of their product lowering the usability. Prone to human error Due to the confusing nature of calculation of HSR rating standards, small businesses have raised concerns that errors can be made when evaluating their products, resulting in misinterpretation of the nutrition levels of their goods. Systems are often prone to change and as a result, this HSR is no exception in the contemporary setting as humans can easily alter its operation ability. The reduction of the life of a product For organizations dealing with delicate products in the market, there are high risks of losing value and life of products, herby impacting negatively on the lasting ability and product quality (Devi, Eyles, Rayner, Mhurchu, Swinburn, Lonsdale-Cooper, Vandevijvere, 2014). Lack of a consistent system for application Participants in the HSR system observed there lacked a consistent and standard applicable system in arriving at an agreement. Furthermore, a worker in NGO witnessed the difficulty in balancing between understanding and the complex nature of the food (Hughes, Wellard, Lin, Suen, Chapman, 2013).there should be a consistent, persistent and harmonized structure all across Australia to be applied in the rating of foods and drinks. Little evidence available There is little facts showing the effects of labeling in eating habits as founded by participants in the organization.to show the impact of labeling systems on overall eating patterns was noted by two NGO participants. This presents a challenge and frustrates the evaluation of the effects of health rating system on people since its implementation and as a result, statistics cannot be gathered to improve performance. The problem of categorization of food This problem was stated by a food industry, claiming it was hard to determine the least standards needed for quality food, and that brands are large and jumping between them is an uphill task (Newman, Howlett, Burton, 2014). It is difficult to categorize food basing on the percentages and grading scales prescribed by the health rating system since people's choices on food is influenced by a majority of factors such as financial capabilities and taste. The clash in values and cultures It was noted that however much the objectives of an organization solely lies in the making of profits, an employee has to improve their living standards.as a result, this clashes with HSR goal of improving the nutrition of individuals as the industry seeks to be responsible socially while realizing profits. Occasionally the choices of meals by people is influenced by their cultural practices and what their traditions demand, as some food are considered capable of translating to better health conditions by mere consumption. Recommendations to the challenges The following measures are applicable in helping to solve these challenges (Graham, Orquin, Visschers, 2012). Consultations with numerous stakeholders, specifically food industries Identification and agreement of criteria and objectives of nutrition labeling Consideration of the risks and costs of the industry, and that a newly proposed system enhances value and increases the health capacity of foods. Educating the public about the health star rating system, and that having a useful project is indispensable to the community in general. Conclusion In conclusion, the health star rating system should be a voluntary process to all industries, consumers and organizations. This is because of the nature of its positive and negative impacts on the industries to help in remedying the situation. Furthermore, there is a need for education and the sensitization of the public on the needed nutrition labels in both rural and urban settings as a means of evaluating the effectivity of HRS system as explained above. Therefore it is rightful to say that majority of Australians lack awareness on the health star rating system. Additionally, a high number of people appreciate the concept of stars in the scheme, which dictates that the more the stars the healthier and better a product is for consumption and the fewer the star the less safe it is. Indeed people who have purchased and utilized products which are regulated by HSR have confirmed its benefits. Amongst the many benefits therein, instilling a positive consumer behavior, improvement of choices and strengthening beliefs of people are the main standouts. Furthermore, there are new fields of research in relation to men feeding habits and awareness of the HSR and the communicating techniques, research indicated that comparisons from different categories is not admissible and should not be continued with. References Andrews, J. C., Lin, C. T. J., Levy, A. S., Lo, S. (2014). Consumer research needs from the food and drug administration on front-of-package nutritional labeling. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 33(1), 10-16. Chen, J., Ou, L., Hollis, S. J. (2013). A systematic review of the impact of routine collection of patient reported outcome measures on patients, providers and health organizations in an oncologic setting. BMC health services research, 13(1), 1. Devi, A., Eyles, H., Rayner, M., Mhurchu, C. N., Swinburn, B., Lonsdale-Cooper, E., Vandevijvere, S. (2014). Nutritional quality, labelling and promotion of breakfast cereals on the New Zealand market. Appetite, 81, 253-260. Graham, D. J., Orquin, J. L., Visschers, V. H. (2012). Eye tracking and nutrition label use: A review of the literature and recommendations for label enhancement. Food Policy, 37(4), 378-382. Grunert, K. G., Bolton, L. E., Raats, M. M. (2012). Processing and acting on nutrition labeling on food. Transformative consumer research for personal and collective well-being, 26, 333. Gunja, N., Brown, J. A. (2012). Energy drinks: health risks and toxicity. Med J Aust, 196(1), 46-49. Hawley, K. L., Roberto, C. A., Bragg, M. A., Liu, P. J., Schwartz, M. B., Brownell, K. D. (2013). The science on front-of-package food labels. Public health nutrition, 16(03), 430-439. Hersey, J. C., Wohlgenant, K. C., Arsenault, J. E., Kosa, K. M., Muth, M. K. (2013). Effects of front-of-package and shelf nutrition labeling systems on consumers. Nutrition reviews, 71(1), 1-14. Hieke, S., Taylor, C. R. (2012). A critical review of the literature on nutritional labeling. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 46(1), 120-156. Hughes, C., Wellard, L., Lin, J., Suen, K. L., Chapman, K. (2013). Regulating health claims on food labels using nutrient profiling: what will the proposed standard mean in the Australian supermarket? Public health nutrition, 16(12), 2154-2161. Lorig, K., Ritter, P. L., Plant, K., Laurent, D. D., Kelly, P., Rowe, S. (2013). The South Australia health chronic disease self-management Internet trial. Health Education Behavior, 40(1), 67-77. Maubach, N., Hoek, J., Mather, D. (2014). Interpretive front-of-pack nutrition labels. Comparing competing recommendations. Appetite, 82, 67-77. McLean, R., Hoek, J., Hedderley, D. (2012). Effects of alternative label formats on choice of high-and low-sodium products in a New Zealand population sample. Public health nutrition, 15(05), 783-791. Miller, L. M. S., Cassady, D. L. (2012). Making healthy food choices using nutrition facts panels. The roles of knowledge, motivation, dietary modifications goals, and age. Appetite, 59(1), 129-139. Morley, B., Scully, M., Martin, J., Niven, P., Dixon, H., Wakefield, M. (2013). What types of nutrition menu labelling lead consumers to select less energy-dense fast food? An experimental study. Appetite, 67, 8-15. Newman, C. L., Howlett, E., Burton, S. (2014). Shopper response to front-of-package nutrition labeling programs: potential consumer and retail store benefits. Journal of Retailing, 90(1), 13-26. Ng, S. W., Popkin, B. M. (2012). Monitoring foods and nutrients sold and consumed in the United States: dynamics and challenges. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(1), 41. Sisson, S. B., Campbell, J. E., May, K. B., Brittain, D. R., Monroe, L. A., Guss, S. H., Ladner, J. L. (2012). Assessment of food, nutrition, and physical activity practices in Oklahoma child-care centers. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(8), 1230-1240. Swinburn, B., Wood, A. (2013). Progress on obesity prevention over 20 years in Australia and New Zealand. Obesity Reviews, 14(S2), 60-68. Vandevijvere, S., Swinburn, B. (2015). Getting serious about protecting New Zealand children against unhealthy food marketing. NZ Med J, 128(1417), 36-40. Watson, W. L., Kelly, B., Hector, D., Hughes, C., King, L., Crawford, J. ... Chapman, K. (2014). Can front-of-pack labelling schemes guide healthier food choices? Australian shoppers responses to seven labelling formats. Appetite, 72, 90-97.