The As An Archetypal Empire Essay - 1760 Words

The Roman civilization is often seen as an archetypal empire because of its many achievements and system of order. In ancient Rome, the ideal citizen was considered to be someone who placed the needs of the people above his or her own individual wants. Furthermore, citizens were expected to be duty-bound and faithful to both their community and their gods. Virgil, a Roman author, believed in the importance of denying oneself personal happiness in order to benefit the people as a whole. In his Roman epic, The Aeneid, the importance of sacrificing personal wants and desires in order to pursue goals that will benefit the entire community is woven into the fabric of the narrative and acts as the foundation upon which the story is built. Throughout the entire Roman classic, the protagonist, Aeneas, is depicted as being a duty-bound man who must deny himself personal happiness in order to fulfill his purpose – to travel to Italy and establish a new home for the Roman people. Notably , he must sacrifice his relationship with Dido, the queen of Carthage, in order to continue his journey to Italy. Despite his love for Dido, he values the will of the gods more than their relationship, hence why Aeneas has to leave her. Though Aeneas’ actions were necessary in order to ultimately establish a new home for the Romans, his relationship with Dido inevitably suffers because of his choices. Furthermore, Dido suffers more than Aeneas during the collapse of their relationship. The Romans valuedShow MoreRelatedQualities of an Archetypal Hero Essay569 Words   |  3 PagesCaptain America, and Thor are common, but have you ever thought of Luke Skywalker as an archetypal hero? Luke Skywalker is an aspiring young Jedi Knight, who is called to the quest of defeating the empire in the movie Star Wars IV: A New Hope, written and directed by George Lucas. Luke Skywalker demonstrates certain characteristics before, during, and after his quest that makes him an archetypal hero. An archetypal hero must have specific characteristics before embarking on a quest. For example manyRead MoreNomadic Societies Essay623 Words   |  3 Pagesable to build imperial states in the regions surrounding central Asia.    How were they viewed differently? * A first century BCE description of the Xiongnu, the archetypal nomadic peoples of the Chinese world. * A late fourth century Roman view of the Huns. * One of the barbarian groups that invaded the Roman Empire. *   description of the steppe nomads by the tenth-century Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus that reflects both Byzantine experience and the classical legacyRead MoreWestern Operas Depict Inaccurate Facts about the Orients1228 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Ottoman Empire has declined and the westerners started colonization in the Middle East. Hence, it became a favored location for composers to set their operas and other musical works in. In addition, there were many successful works, which were set in East Asia, being composed, For example, Madama Butterfly and Turandot by Giacomo Puccini. Beginning in the nineteenth century, the number of opera based on the orient became more. This resulted in an increased number of the archetypal orientalistRead More Promoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesMarc Antony at Actium and began the first acts in his rule of what would be one of historys most powerful empires, he sought to restore the morality and patriotism characteristic of pre-civil-war Rome. The stolid Roman patriarch, thought lost in the melee of civil strife, became the center of Augustus propaganda and legislative campaign to once again bring honor and morality to his empire. It is from Virgils unfinished epic The Aeneid that this exemplary citizen arises, one who is not only a fierceRead MoreThe Star Wars Films 1130 Words   |  5 Pagesworld, and carve out his place in it. But the Call in Star Wars also consists of a deus ex machina, the arrival of R2-D2 and C3PO, with their fragmented distress call from an unknown woman(i t is fair to note here that a key subliminal driver of the archetypal male heros quest is union with the feminine, even if only in metaphorical and symbolic terms). With the help of R2-D2, Luke is successfully dragged from the nest, so to speak, and pushed onto his path of self actualization. It is at this pointRead MoreThe Roman Culture Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesin Rome is acclimatized today as the aureate age of Roman articulacy development. The minds of the bodies are expanding. Another archetypal of the Roman citizens annual affluence comes in the plan of the aphorism of Caesars grandson Octavian, bigger acclimatized to history as Augustus. One time Augustus rises from the new assay as the adjudicator of the empire, they acclimatize acclimatized types of able allay that allay the bodies accumulate them on his side. Augustus is a classical manRead MoreAppendix H Monotheistic Religions739 Words   |  3 Pagesstarted at Mount Sinai in Arabia according to history; however, Israel was to be the homeland of the Jews. | * Originated in eastern Mediterranean throughout the life of Jesus Christ, in addition to it becoming the major religion of the Roman Empire by the end of the 4th century | * Islam derived from Mecca before the prophet Muhammad journeyed to Medina. * Arabia which is recognized as being the country of derivation; even so, In addition, Islam was developed inside of Egypt and IranRead MoreMurdoch: Modern Media Mogul712 Words   |  3 PagesMurdoch saw the opportunity to expand his empire, already equipped with all the tools he needed to be globally successful. Having a company that encompasse s a range of media platforms enables him to be successful transnationally. â€Å"The phenomenal growth in new technology especially digital technology has redrawn the map of media ownership and control in Britain† (Stokes, J Reading, A 199, p:5). The emergence of global media players has left media scholars and political commenters very â€Å"exercisedRead MoreImpressions of Egypt and Rome in First Two Scenes of Antony and Cleopatra1080 Words   |  5 Pagesas the oerflowing Nilus presageth famine. The images of the Nile, and also the Goddess of Fertility, Sweet Isis I beseech thee, give and social and religious background. We are constantly reminded of the masculinity of the Roman Empire, the characters we have been introduced to are males, and there are constant reminders of the importance of power and courage in the macho-based society. The Romans are disgusted that Antony, The triple pillar of the world, is weakenedRead MoreHeros Journey Analysis989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe life of a simple farm boy, Luke Skywalker, as he and his newly met allies (Han Solo, Chewbacca, Obi-Wan Kenobi, R2-D2) attempt to rescue a Rebel, Princess Leia, from the clutches of the Empire and its leader Darth Vader (REFERENCE). The ending of the adventure results in Luke saving the Princess from the Empire and destroying the Death Star. The 1970s. it was the birth of modern computing and technology was advancing at lightning speed. The first email was sent, Apple II was released, the first

The Effects of Caribbean Colonization on the Family...

The effects of colonization on the family of Caribbean people, as described by various twentieth century Caribbean woman writers, are as complicated as they are vast. These authors show that families continue to struggle with separation, poverty, and cultural identity issues that create extra ordinary difficulties for the families who live on these post-colonial islands. It can be argued that all families have struggles, both internal and external, and while this is undoubtedly true, the struggles that the families described in these novels endure have a direct connection to their colonized past and the influences of the colonizer, still felt by the countries colonized and their people. The abolition of slavery†¦show more content†¦But then, just as quickly, my heart shriveled up and the words â€Å"I shall never see this again† spilled out inside me† (144-145). The underlying difference between the family separation seen here and the separations of family in non-colonized countries is the sense of permanence surrounding them. It is one thing to be able to hop into ones car and drive, even over great distance, to visit relatives living in ones own land, it is entirely different, and Annie is certainly smart enough, even at the age of sixteen, to understand this difference, to financially afford and/or receive the required documentation that will allow her and her parents to see each other easily, again. Emotional separation between family members due to conflicts of family reactions to cultural identity can be found in â€Å"Beka Lamb†, by Zee Edgell. In this story, Bekas father and paternal grandmothers relationship, although a loving one, is strained by the differing opinions they have regarding the place each believes to hold in Belize, and the differing direction in which each believes to be in the best interest for the country as a whole, themselves as individuals, and their family. This novel does an exceptional job in depicting the emotional distance caused in family relationships when families try to mix theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Discuss Merle Hodge’S Crick Crack Monkey As a Novel3326 Words   |  14 Pagesshe is now working for the Women and Development Studies at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad. She wrote the novel Crick Crack Monkey in 1970 where she deals with the theme of childhood in the West Indies. The main protagonist called Tee lives with Tantie who is a working class woman. She later goes to live with her aunt Beatrice and she faces a new and different world from that of her Caribbean world: â€Å"Hodges story is presented through the eyes of a black, lower class girlRead MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesSpanish Conquest and its repercussions in Indigenous cultures of the Pacific, Central and North 4.2.2 English colonization in the Caribbean Coast region 4.2.3 The Liberal policy in the Caribbean Coast: internal colonization 4.2.4 Afro-descendent communities in Nicaragua 4.2.5 Colonization through development models on Indigenous land 4.2.6 The autonomy process in the Caribbean Coast 4.2.6.1 Development of a normative juridical framework 4.2.6.2 Advances in the establishment of public policiesRead MoreConstructing My Cultural Identity6012 Words   |  25 Pagesrepose sur le cadre thà ©orique du fà ©minisme noir, ainsi que sur la pensà ©e anticoloniale. Introduction The purpose of this article is to examine the forces that have shaped my identity as a child of the African diaspora, first growing up in the Caribbean and then the encounter between my Jamaican culture and the Canadian cultural context. I attempt to address the following questions: How has my identity been formed? What parts of my life have been honored, and what parts are excluded and why? HowRead MoreEssay on Like water for chocolate6961 Words   |  28 PagesName_________________________________ Magical Realism At about the middle of the 19th century (when scientific objectivity became â€Å"vogue†), the influence of many social forces caused aesthetic taste to change from romantic idealism to realism. Many writers felt that romantics—with their focus on the spiritual, the abstract, and the ideal—were being dishonest about life as it really was. The realists felt they had an ethical responsibility to be honest. To show life as it should be in order to showRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 Pageshad â€Å"colonial missions.† What were these missions and why were they apparently such a disaster? Did any good come out of the African â€Å"colonial experience†? Introduction Colonization of Africa by European countries was a monumental milestone in  ­ the development of Africa. The Africans consider the impact of colonization  ­ on them to be perhaps the most important factor in  ­ nderstanding the u p  ­ resent condition of the African continent and of the  ­ frican people. A Therefore, a closeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by MichaelRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 Pagesand the implications of that political economic consensus—whether pragmatic or ideological—for understanding the emergence and development of early modern empires. Because everyone agreed about the goals of colonization and largely agreed about the means of colonizing, early modern colonization was necessarily apolitical. Because all Europeans shared the same goals and the same commitment to the mercantile system, the manifestly different natures of the various early modern empires must necessarilyRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesa job in Mexico. Carrie refused to follow her husband. Instead, she traveled around the country, living with friends and relatives and working at temporary jobs as a maid or waitress. She had ambitions to become an actress, but roles for black women were scarce. Sometimes she took young Langston with her, but most of the time he stayed with his grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas. Grandmother Mary Langston, an American citizen of French, Cherokee, and African descent, was nineteen in 1855 whenRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesclasses. How politically influential is soccer in Latin America? It is used by â€Å"various Latin American socio-economic elites in order to retard the acceleration of working class and popular discontent† (Bar-On 1997:1.8). Is it then not intriguing that women play no part in the scheme of things? I can immediately off the top of my head name at least 5 male professional soccer players†¦ and not a single female player. Tamir Bar-On discusses in detail the influence of soccer in Latin America in great detailRead MoreBrazil Culture17445 Words   |  70 Pagesof the new lands between Spain and Portugal. It was agreed that territories lying east of a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to Portugal, the lands to the west to Spain. This imaginary line, from pole to pole, cut through the eastern- most part of the South American continent and constituted Brazils first frontier, although the formal discovery by Pedro Alvares Cabral did not take place until six years later in 1500. First Settlements (1530-1549) Cabrals voyage

On the Quai Free Essays

â€Å"On the Quai at Smyrna† As a collection of stories that take the reader through the confusing and disorienting journey of America soldiers in World War I, the introduction, â€Å"On the Quai at Smyrna,† is no exception. Hemmingway begins his introduction without any explanation of who is reminiscing and provides only details to create an image in the reader’s mind. Hemmingway creates no context for which to frame the events, and by doing this, Hemmingway throws the reader into the story, not unlike the soldiers who were thrown into a war. We will write a custom essay sample on On the Quai or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the introduction Hemmingway creates an image of suffering and despair, however the narrator is never introduced. Using this confusing and disturbing prose as an introduction, Hemmingway sets the reader up for the perplexing and horrible stories that the soldiers are telling throughout In Our Time. â€Å"On the Quai at Smyrna† describes a world where gruesome stories are so commonplace that a telling is received with less shock and awe and more indifference. Hemmingway sets up the story by explaining, â€Å"he said† (Hemmingway) as a frame. There is no more background given; no other details are displayed to help the reader understand the situation. The reader has to work through what â€Å"he said† to find out the setting, the characters, and the entire situation. This use of framing is atypical and causes the reader pause when relating to the protagonist. By structuring the story this way, Hemmingway draws the readers’ attention to the fact that it is not a first person account of the war, but of someone’s retelling. The story is told by the officer, it seems, to someone who has had a similar experience with the war and would understand. The story includes obscure references and specific things of which a reader might not have sense. The anonymous narrator is a British officer at Smyrna and is relaying his stories to possibly an old war friend saying, â€Å"You remember the harbor,† (Hemmingway) leading the reader to believe these two have shared similar experiences. Hemmingway uses this confusion to show have the soldiers in the war might have felt confused about a number of issues. At this point, the narrator is telling the story so matter-of-factly that he might have destroyed all emotions linked to the horrifying events of the war. Because this officer has seen such terrible things, such as a mother holding her dead babies, he has become immune to the emotions that the reader feels from these situations. This set up the rest of the stories of In Our Time with a tone of horror that becomes more developed throughout the rest of the novel. â€Å"On the Quai at Smyrna† starts with the narrator, an officer, talking about â€Å"them,† screaming at midnight. Although â€Å"they† are never identified, the officer makes a point to explain that he does not know why â€Å"they† are screaming. This is just the beginning of the numerous ways that the soldiers in World War I are confused about the happenings in the war. Not only is the reader disoriented, but the so is the narrator. The officer begins a conversation with Turkish officer on the pier. The narrator explains that a Turkish officer wants the narrator to discuss one of the narrator’s sailors who had been insulting to the Turkish officer. Hemmingway does not use quotations to explain this conversation between the Turkish officer and the narrator hoverer, a Hemmingway switches to dialogue as the narrator talks to his sailor. The reader is told exactly what the sailor responds, as if what the Turkish officer’s dialogue was less important. By switching the style of storytelling, Hemmingway ensures that the reader will more so identify the narrator of the story. The speaker is unable to find the words he needs to use to describe his environment. While telling the story, the narrator struggles with holding in his feelings about the situation and giving an accurate portrayal to his companion. There were plenty of nice things floating around in it. That was the only time in my life I got so I dreamed about things. Hemmingway has the reader speak with a limited vocabulary in order to show his inability to find the appropriate words. The speaker doesn’t describe what was floating in the harbor or about what he was dreaming. By creating the rhetoric of the speaker to be so barren, Hemmingway shows the emotional detachment the speaker had to the horrifying truths of war. The reader sees that the dreams had by the speaker were most likely nightmares of terrible things he had seen at the pier, and is using his lack of language to control his emotions. The officer then tells about the women who are unwilling to give up their dead babies bodies. The way the narrator tells this story, in short choppy phrases and sentences, is parallel to his emotions. Hemmingway writes in this way so that although the reader knows and is even disturbed by these stories, the speaker is unattached. The narrator has seen so many traumas in the war that he is unable to display emotions that someone who is not privy to that world would display. By creating this cognitive dissonance in the reader, Hemmingway emphasizes the harsh realities of a war-laden environment. The narrator seems to talk as if he as seen too much, and what he has seen was not easy to swallow with the mindset he previously had before coming to war. After seeing all of these terrible situations, he has become overly withdrawn and able to tell a story full of facts including the gory details. The denial of his emotions proves that he is powerless to discuss his feelings during this time. As the English officer begins to speak about the strange death of an old woman, the reader sees no change of emotion within him. He interrupts him self while explaining, â€Å"We were clearing them off the pier, had to clean off the dead ones, and this old woman was lying on a sort of litter. † (Hemmingway) The speaker is remembering himself as he tells the story, and nonchalantly adds that it was the dead bodies that he was cleaning. Explaining something that could already be assumed, the narrator is emphasizing what his job entailed. Although he links no emotional memory to this responsibility, the fact that he adds that his chore was to remove the dead bodies, shows that he was uncomfortable with it. By reminding himself of the terrible things he was asked to do, the speaker shifts in his emotional restraint for just a quick second. There is no reasoning behind the facts. The speaker talks about the way things were, but never explain why the babies were not given away, or why the animals were crippled before going into the water. As the reader, it is impossible to assume why these things happened. Hemmingway puts the reader in the same mindset as the narrator, as if the narrator also has no knowledge of the motives of these people. The confusing atmosphere during wartime is mimicked in the speaker’s retelling of the story. A terrible, horrible scene is created not by the speaker, or by Hemmingway, but by Hemmingway to allow the reader to think of the worst possible â€Å"things. † But putting the control of the surroundings into the mind of the reader, Hemmingway is able to propel the reader to reach the outskirts of his or her own fears. The sarcastic irony the speaker uses, saying things like â€Å"nice things,† â€Å"nice chaps,† â€Å"a most pleasant business. † (Hemmingway) Shows that he is unable to come up with the words to display his feelings properly in the telling of his experiences. Whoever is listening to the story knows that the speaker was greatly affected by tragedies, but the speaker is not willing to admit it. By using irony, the narrator shields himself from having to relive memories that were already painful enough the first time. The speaker knows that a large percentage of what he did was inhumane, and wrong, and by saying that it was â€Å"nice† or â€Å"pleasant† he creates a barrier for himself and his feelings of guilt. Because he had no power to control the happenings in the war, but does feel responsible for treating people without respect, he used ironic language to display those feelings, rather than look weak. Hemmingway creates a man that is devoid of his emotions, rather stereotypically, to tell the horrors of war in a factual way. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. In Our Time. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1996. AZW. How to cite On the Quai, Essay examples

Decision Making Business Success

Question: Discuss about theDecision Making for Business Success. Answer: Introduction Business success usually depends on the commendable efforts provided by the managers. According to Varley (2014), the efficient manager needs to undertake the justified decision that will be helpful enough in accomplishing the pre-determined organisational goals. Similarly, the management issues can bring the significant challenges to its welfare. The selection of the set of priorities is essential for strengthening the competitive position of a company (Roig-Tierno et al. 2013). The study will be highlighting the discussion based on the management issues in Woolworths. The structured design will be helpful in identifying and conducting the research in a significant way. Identification of the Problem Woolworths is known as the biggest supermarket chain in Australia. The retail chain is much renowned for the retail product and service at lower rate. However, in this current time, the marketing strategies undertaken by the company is highly criticised. The abrupt departure of Tony Phillips, it has been seen that many of the chief executives left the company (News.com.au 2015). The industry observers have considered such crisis as the symptomatic of a business, which is unable to find a solution against the downfall of the sales ratio. The major problem faced by the company was in the lower ratio of the sales figure in a month. In the third quarter of the last financial year, it was observed that the company increased the sales of liquor and food was just 0.2%. Concentrating on the June market update, it was found that the sales ratio was much slower and almost 0.7% (Businessnews.com.au 2015). The most prominent decision making issue was found when Tony Philips was removed from his position. This decision affected the entire market place and the company face the severe loss. In fact, the promotional activities undertaken by the company could not achieve the expected success (Zarkada-Fraser and Fraser 2015). Research Questions How the decision making process creates impact on the organisational success? What are the major management problems Woolworths has been facing in recent times? How the proper decision making process can facilitate the accomplishment of the organisational goals? Research Program Figure 1: Research Program (Source: Created by Author) Topic Selection: At the initial stage of the research, it is required to select a particular topic that can describe the underlying subject matter. Problem Identification: After selecting the topic of discussion, the next stage is to recognise the major issues related to the topic. The section will also describe the issue faced by the organisation due to the identified problem. Literature Review: The literature study will be focusing on the theoretical analysis of the decision making problems associated with the corporate setting. Methodology: The structured and sequential process of the research study will be analysed in this methodology part. Primary and Secondary Analysis: The gathered data from both the primary and secondary sources will be interpreted and analysed in this section. Expected Outcome: The obtained ideas from the gathered information will be establishing the expected outcomes. Research Process The research is based on the identification of the recognisable management issues foreseen in Woolworths. While conducting the research study, it is necessary to understand the conceptual ideas about the subject matter. The information gathered from the secondary resources will be helpful enough in determining the theoretical perspectives of decision making process. It will initiate the idea about the underlying issues that the organisations usually face while undertaking any decision. The journal article, media publish, books, and website information will be associated for completing the secondary analysis. Depending on the information received from the secondary sources, the further primary research will be conducted. The primary data will be collected through the quantitative and qualitative process. Findings The findings derived from the gathered information is indicating that the decision making process involves fewer steps, which are needed to be addressed. In case of the Woolworths, it is noticed that the major problem faced by the management is due to the irrelevant decision making process (Nettle 2014). The removal of Tony Philips degraded the performance of the company (Jones 2015). The company faced the enormous loss in the investment returns. Therefore, it can be predicted that the inefficient management practices is the major reason behind such loss. It is required to undertake the proper strategy and engage the skilled management official (Methner, Hamann and Nilsson 2015). Recognising such findings, the preferable recommendation will be provided in the further section. Recommendation The problems found in the internal management process of Woolworths is the irrelevant decision making process. Therefore, it is required to identify the appropriate alternatives to minimise the associated risks. The management firstly needs to appoint an efficient leader who has a long period of experience in operation management process. The proper leadership attributes would thus be helpful enough in undertaking the relevant decision for the organisation. Maintenance of the communicational transparency can be other recommended alternatives to mitigate the recognised issue. The management needs to pay attention towards the two-way communication process. If the associated employees can address their concerns to the management, it will be effective for the organisation. In fact, maintaining the proper communicational skills would be helpful enough in motivating the employees by resolving situational conflicts. Conclusion The study is focusing on the management problem faced by Woolworths. It was seen that the majority problems faced by Woolworths were due to the irrelevant decision making process. In fact, it is seen that the management failed to undertake the proper strategic decision after the removal of Tony Philips. Moreover, it is also noted that the company faced huge loss in the investment returns, which degraded the financial performance of the company. The applied methodology was fruitful for gathering the primary and the secondary data. Recognising the findings, it can be inferred that the management needs to associate an efficient expert for taking the organisational decision. On the other hand, maintaining the communicational transparency will also be beneficial for the company to accomplish the pre-determined goals. References Businessnews.com.au, 2015. Management mistakes cost Woolworths. [online] Business News. Available at: https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/Management-mistakes-cost-Woolworths [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Jones, S. 2015. Woolworths: Where did it go wrong?. Mumbrella Editorial. Methner, N., Hamann, R. and Nilsson, W., 2015. The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. InThe Business of Social and Environmental Innovation(pp. 87-104). Springer International Publishing. Nettle, D.J., 2014. Issues of management identity: attitudes to management within the Australian Institute of Management, 194073.Business History,56(2), pp.287-313. News.com.au, 2015. The real problem for Woolworths. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/the-real-problem-for-woolworths/news-story/5ac2de91e1819c883bb5efac3ba6f10f [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Roig-Tierno, N., Baviera-Puig, A., Buitrago-Vera, J. and Mas-Verdu, F., 2013. The retail site location decision process using GIS and the analytical hierarchy process.Applied Geography,40, pp.191-198. Varley, R., 2014.Retail product management: buying and merchandising. Routledge. Zarkada-Fraser, A. and Fraser, C., 2015. Integrating social and economic orientated marketing: A study of retail management. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 219-223). Springer International Publishing.